See spinelessness on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"spineless",
"spineless#English"
],
[
"*-inōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-inōną#Proto-Germanic:_denominative"
],
[
"*-dyé-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-dyé-#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal"
],
[
"*-atjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-atjaną#Proto-Germanic:_verbal"
],
[
"*-tus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tus#Proto-Indo-European:_action_noun"
],
[
"*-þuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-þuz#Proto-Germanic:_nominative"
],
[
"*-assuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-assuz#Proto-Germanic:_-ness"
],
[
"*-inassuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-inassuz#Proto-Germanic:_-ness"
],
[
"*-nassī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-nassī#Proto-West_Germanic:_-ness"
],
[
"-nes",
"-nes#Old_English:_-ness"
],
[
"-nesse",
"-nesse#Middle_English:_-ness"
],
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
],
[
"spineless",
"spineless#English"
],
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "spineless",
"4": "-ness",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
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"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "spineless",
"4": "-ness",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish spine\nProto-Indo-European *lewh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *lewHs-der.\nProto-Germanic *leusaną\nProto-Germanic *lausaz\nProto-Germanic *-lausaz\nProto-West Germanic *-laus\nOld English -lēas\nMiddle English -les\nEnglish -less\nEnglish spineless\nProto-Germanic *-in-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂ti\nProto-Germanic *-ōną\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish spinelessness\nFrom spineless + -ness.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish spineless\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish spinelessness\nFrom spineless + -ness.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "spinelessness (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
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},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
33
]
],
"ref": "2021 December 1, Nigel Harris, “IRP snuffs out 'levelling up'”, in RAIL, number 945, page 3:",
"text": "Johnson's political spinelessness is a betrayal not just of the North, but the whole country, and its ramifications will wreak havoc with the life chances and prospects of generations to come.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine (literally or figuratively)); cowardice."
],
"id": "en-spinelessness-en-noun-7WKz8pVq",
"links": [
[
"spineless",
"spineless"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"literally",
"literally"
],
[
"figuratively",
"figuratively"
],
[
"cowardice",
"cowardice"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "al-lāfaqāriyyah",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "اللافارية"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "merudonḍohinota",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"word": "মেরুদণ্ডহীনতা"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "wú jǐchuí zhuàngtài",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"word": "無脊椎狀態 /无脊椎状态"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"also",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
],
"word": "Rückgratlosigkeit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Willenlosigkeit"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "rīṛhhīntā",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "रीढ़हीनता"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"word": "gerinctelenség"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "mu-sekitsui",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"word": "無脊椎"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "mu-sekitsui jōtai",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"word": "無脊椎状態"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bezkręgowość"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "besxarákternostʹ",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бесхара́ктерность"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "mjaxkotélostʹ",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мягкоте́лость"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "bezvólije",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "безво́лие"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "slaboxarákternostʹ",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "слабохара́ктерность"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "al-jubn",
"sense": "cowardice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "الجبن"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "bhiruta",
"sense": "cowardice",
"word": "ভীরুতা"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "nuòruò",
"sense": "cowardice",
"word": "懦弱"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "kāyartā",
"sense": "cowardice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "कायरता"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "okubyō",
"sense": "cowardice",
"word": "臆病"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "cowardice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tchórzliwość"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "cowardice",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tchórzostwo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspɑɪn.ləs.nəs/"
}
],
"word": "spinelessness"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"spineless",
"spineless#English"
],
[
"*-inōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-inōną#Proto-Germanic:_denominative"
],
[
"*-dyé-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-dyé-#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal"
],
[
"*-atjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-atjaną#Proto-Germanic:_verbal"
],
[
"*-tus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tus#Proto-Indo-European:_action_noun"
],
[
"*-þuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-þuz#Proto-Germanic:_nominative"
],
[
"*-assuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-assuz#Proto-Germanic:_-ness"
],
[
"*-inassuz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-inassuz#Proto-Germanic:_-ness"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-nassī#Proto-West_Germanic:_-ness"
],
[
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[
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]
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"2": ":af",
"3": "spineless",
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"text": "+",
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},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish spineless\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish spinelessness\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-atjaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"action noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-þuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-assuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-inassuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-nassī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-nes\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-nesse\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ness\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"spinelessness\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"spinelessness\">\nFrom spineless + -ness.",
"name": "ety"
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{
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"2": ":af",
"3": "spineless",
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish spine\nProto-Indo-European *lewh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *lewHs-der.\nProto-Germanic *leusaną\nProto-Germanic *lausaz\nProto-Germanic *-lausaz\nProto-West Germanic *-laus\nOld English -lēas\nMiddle English -les\nEnglish -less\nEnglish spineless\nProto-Germanic *-in-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂ti\nProto-Germanic *-ōną\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish spinelessness\nFrom spineless + -ness.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish spineless\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish spinelessness\nFrom spineless + -ness.",
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"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
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"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
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"English terms suffixed with -ness",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
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"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
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"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations"
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{
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20,
33
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],
"ref": "2021 December 1, Nigel Harris, “IRP snuffs out 'levelling up'”, in RAIL, number 945, page 3:",
"text": "Johnson's political spinelessness is a betrayal not just of the North, but the whole country, and its ramifications will wreak havoc with the life chances and prospects of generations to come.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine (literally or figuratively)); cowardice."
],
"links": [
[
"spineless",
"spineless"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"literally",
"literally"
],
[
"figuratively",
"figuratively"
],
[
"cowardice",
"cowardice"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspɑɪn.ləs.nəs/"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "al-lāfaqāriyyah",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "اللافارية"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "merudonḍohinota",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"word": "মেরুদণ্ডহীনতা"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "wú jǐchuí zhuàngtài",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"word": "無脊椎狀態 /无脊椎状态"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"also",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
],
"word": "Rückgratlosigkeit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Willenlosigkeit"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "rīṛhhīntā",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "रीढ़हीनता"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"word": "gerinctelenség"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "mu-sekitsui",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"word": "無脊椎"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "mu-sekitsui jōtai",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"word": "無脊椎状態"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bezkręgowość"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "besxarákternostʹ",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бесхара́ктерность"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "mjaxkotélostʹ",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мягкоте́лость"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "bezvólije",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "безво́лие"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "slaboxarákternostʹ",
"sense": "state or quality of being spineless (not having a spine)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "слабохара́ктерность"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "al-jubn",
"sense": "cowardice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "الجبن"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "bhiruta",
"sense": "cowardice",
"word": "ভীরুতা"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "nuòruò",
"sense": "cowardice",
"word": "懦弱"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "kāyartā",
"sense": "cowardice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "कायरता"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "okubyō",
"sense": "cowardice",
"word": "臆病"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "cowardice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tchórzliwość"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "cowardice",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tchórzostwo"
}
],
"word": "spinelessness"
}
Download raw JSONL data for spinelessness meaning in All languages combined (9.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.